Microstrip impedance
Set length in mm or mil and frequency in MHz or GHz. Effective width is optional and is not a calculated correction.
Worked example
Characteristic impedance 51.002 ohm
Wide or narrow Hammerstad equation. eta_0 = 376.73 ohm. Branch uses W/H.
Effective permittivity 3.0669
Er_eff = (Er+1)/2 + ((Er-1)/2) * (1 + 12*H/W)^(-0.5)
Differential impedance 83.257 ohm
Z_diff = 2 * Z0 * (1 - 0.48 * exp(-0.96 * S/H))
Copper skin depth 1.3493 um
delta = 66.1 / sqrt(f_Hz) mm for annealed copper
Delay 148.368 ps/inch
t_pd = 84.72 * sqrt(Er_eff) ps/inch
Delay per millimeter 5.841 ps/mm
ps/mm = (84.72 * sqrt(Er_eff)) / 25.4
Phase velocity 1.7118e8 m/s
V_p = 2.9979e8 / sqrt(Er_eff) m/s
Z0 uses the trace width. No thickness correction is applied.
Dielectric loss is not shown. The written loss product does not state whether frequency is hertz or gigahertz.